System and method for obtaining hydrocarbons from organic and inorganic solid waste

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a system for obtaining hydrocarbons from organic or inorganic solid waste, wherein said system comprises: an inlet chamber, within which is a mixer assembly which mixes and conveys the waste through said chamber, which is also at ambient temperature, thus avoiding any thermal stuck to the solid waste for processing; a dehydration chamber with a mixing assembly therein, and the upper part of this chamber contains an expansion chamber for promoting more efficient molecular breakdown; the thermal breakdown is carried out in two reactors which are operated at different temperatures, the first thermal disassociation reactor which has inside a mixer unit, and which in its upper part houses an expansion chamber, the second thermal breakdown reactor, therein has a mixer unit, and in the upper portion thereof houses an expansion chamber and at the top end thereof a vertical expansion tower; wherein the thermolytic steam is homogenized, a separator of heavy hydrocarbons, which does not require an additional cooling system, a multiple valve determines the temperature and oxygen content of the vapours and conveys them to the expansion tower in order to optimize the production of hydrocarbons, and to obtain a liquid hydrocarbon with high heating value.

APPLICATION CROSS-REFERENCES

This application claims priority from International Application NumberPCT/MX2006/000153 filed on Dec. 20, 2006 and published in Spanish.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is in the petrochemical, environmental,mechanical, and electrical field because it provides an apparatus andmethod to obtain hydrocarbons from solid recycling waste or residues,organic or inorganic, to obtain liquid, solid, and gaseous hydrocarbons.

BACKGROUND

Various devices, apparatuses and methods for obtaining hydrocarbons fromsolid waste by pyrolysis or thermolysis are known, in which a reactionchamber is used where the solid waste is placed, and inside of whichthere is an endless screw to convey the waste through the reactionchamber; this endless screw having the limitation that it cannot conveymetallic waste, glass, rocks, and so forth, since in addition to notbeing susceptible to the thermolysis or pyrolysis, these damage theendless screw, causing blocks, this event thereby affecting thesetechnologies' process to obtain hydrocarbons. Patent applicationWO2005044952 refers to an apparatus to process waste that has acylindrical vacuum reactor that, when heated from 250 to 410° C.,subjects the matter to be processed to a thermal shock, producingdioxins and other contaminant compounds inside the reactor, thus thisapplication differs because there is not a thermal shock of the matterfor processing since the organic and inorganic solid waste inletcylinder is not pre-heated, they remain at ambient temperature, thuspreventing the thermal shock which would produce these harmfulsubstances. It also expresses that it comprises an endless screw toremove the mixture within the reactor, this endless screw turning inonly one direction accumulates waste at one point and is jammed, whichprevents the thermal dissociation of the waste.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,720,232 relates to a method and apparatus to processwaste tires that are placed in a chamber where vacuum is brought aboutto induce pyrolysis from 176.6 to 343.3° C., the chamber includes avapor collector, the mixture of gas and liquid extracted is separated ina liquid condenser and the tire bits are removed by an endless screw.The apparatus also includes three filling chambers, a transformationreactor and carbon extraction. That apparatus only processes waste tireswhile our system processes any waste material organic or inorganic.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system and semi continuous processfor obtaining solid, liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons from the thermaldissociation of solid organic and inorganic waste, the characteristicdetails of which are clearly shown in the following description andaccompanying figures, and an illustration of it and following the samereference numbers to indicate the parts and figures shown.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of the machine to obtainhydrocarbons from solid waste, organic and inorganic of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the mixing assembly.

FIG. 3 is a schematic section of the interior of the cylinder, which isthe base for the chambers and reactors.

FIG. 4 is perspective view of the intake chamber of the organic andinorganic solid waste of the referenced machine for obtaininghydrocarbons.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the dehydration reactor of the machineof the present application.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the first thermal dissociation reactorof said machine herein referenced.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the second thermal dissociation reactorof said machine.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the extractor cylinder of the solidportion of the thermal dissociation of the machine.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the cooling and extraction cylinder ofthe solid fraction of the thermal dissociation of the machine.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the heat exchangers and the separatorof heavy hydrocarbons of the processing machine of this application.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the separators of light hydrocarbon ofthe machine.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a multiple valve of the referencedmachine.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a gas-purifying receptacle.

FIG. 14 is a detailed perspective view of the vacuum pumps of thereferenced machine.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger and water separatorand vacuum pump of the machine.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a gas-purifying container, a gasfilter, and gas storing reservoir of the machine.

With reference to said figures the system to obtain hydrocarbons fromorganic and inorganic solid waste of the present invention is basicallycomprised of: a hopper 15, a solid, organic and inorganic waste intakechamber 11, a dehydration reactor 2, two thermal dissociation reactors 3and 4 respectively, a solid fraction extraction of the thermaldissociation chamber 6, a chamber 7 for cooling of the solid fraction ofthe thermal dissociation, a cylinder for the separation of heavyhydrocarbons 110, two thermolytic vapor heat exchangers 95 and 96, twocylinders to separate light hydrocarbons 116, and 117, a cylinder toseparate the liquids 139, a third heat exchanger for water vapor 138,two synthetic gas purifying reservoir 129, 141, a gas filter 145, asynthetic gas accumulating reservoir 146, three vacuum pumps 127, 128,and 140, a multiple valve 55;

The hopper 15 enables the intake of the organic and inorganic solidwaste formed by a funnel-shaped inverted cylinder, which in its upperopening 16, a ring 19 is affixed on the top rim of said hopper which, inits interior edge with a 10° perimetral cut-in resembling a conicalring, which allows the lid 20 to sit, said solid cylindrical lid 20located above this ring 19, which at the same time has a 10° cut-in onits inferior end so that when it couples with the ring 19 there is aperfectly hermetic seal, this lid at the same time has a hermetic sealand sliding mechanism 74, that allows the intake of waste into thehopper 15; wherein said mechanism comprises a handle 21, the top ofwhich has a piston 22 in a vertical position to take off, position, andprovide pressure to said lid 20 toward the conical ring 19, such that ahermetic seal forms; in the top opening of the hopper 15 rails 24 arewelded and extend diametrically from said hopper's opposite sides in ahorizontal position to allow the handle 21 to slide when the hopper 15is opened or closed; on the opposite end of the hopper there is a secondpiston 23 in a horizontal position to slide the handle 21 over saidrails 24; it is worth mentioning that on lid 20 there is a rectangularplate 17 in a vertical position, having an elliptical boring to preventthe axle of the second piston 23 from bending when the lid is set on thehopper 15. The bottom end of the hopper 15 is connected to the top partof one of the ends of the organic and inorganic waste intake chamber 11by a conventional coupling 25.

The organic and inorganic waste intake chamber 11, which allows theintake of the waste, extracts the air and oxygen that accompanies thewaste, preventing the thermal shock of the waste entering the system, iscomposed of a metallic hollow cylinder 1 in a horizontal position,resistant to a vacuum pressure of −0.56 Kg/cm²; which has in itsinterior a waste mixing assembly 26 in a horizontal position, which iscomposed of a square shaft 8 that has perpendicular rectangularprojections 9 diagonally throughout the length of its four sides (as isclearly shown in FIG. 2). The mixer assembly 26 is fixed to cylinder 1through the end sides of the square shaft 8. For this purpose, both endsof the square shaft 8 join the discs 36 in a vertical position, whichhave a square connector 58 in their centers, having a square cavity 58on their center with dimensions sufficiently large to allow an end ofthe square shaft 8 to be introduced tightly. One of the connector discs36 joins, on the opposite side where the square cavity 58 is, a seconddisc 49 with the same dimensions as the first disc 36; wherein thesecond circular piece 49 has on the face opposite to the face thatconnects the first disc 36, a central round shaft 32, in a horizontalposition to enter into a conical axle box 28, wherein said axle boxattaches to the hatch 27 of the waste intake chamber 11. The centralround shaft 32 has an internal duct 40 in a “U” shape, horizontallyplaced, so that refrigeration liquid can flow and said shaft will notdilate by increase temperature. Said central round shaft is embraced bya cooling device 29; followed by a bearing 30 to fix the round shaft 32;and a notched wheel 31 to allow said square shaft 8 to rotate through achain 33 coupled to a motor 35 (See FIG. 3). The connecting disc 36 onthe other end of the square shaft 8 connects a circular piece 50 on itsface opposite to its square cavity 58; wherein said circular piece 50has on its center a horizontal round shaft 51 that enters an axle box 52to allow rotation and support the central round shaft 51, as this shaftis suspended and fixed because of braces 64, which are metallicprojections extending from the internal wall of cylinder 1 toward theaxle box 52, on opposite end of said axle box there is an axial block 43which works as a lid preventing dust and residue from entering the axlebox and fixes the central round shaft 51. The open ends of cylinder 1are sealed by hatch 27 and 44 (see FIG. 2), wherein the left hatch 27 isfixed to the chamber by a conventional coupling 26 in front of thecooling device 29. On the end where the right hatch 44 is placed, a ring41 is welded on the edge of cylinder 1 beforehand, which, on itsinternal edge a 10° perimetral cut-in 42 resembling a conical ring, onwhich is fixed, on the top edge of said cut-in 42, a calibrated pipe 53in the interior of which a solid cylindrical interconnection valve 10slides, which valve has at the same time a 10° cut-in on its left sideso that when it couples with the ring's 41 cut-in there is a hermeticseal (see FIG. 3), in the middle of valve 10 perimetral circular canalthat houses a teflon ring 54 to increase tightness of the hermetic sealon the calibrated cylinder 53; right hatch 44 is fixed to the right endof the calibrated cylinder, whose outer diameter is greater than thecylindrical body 1, matching that of the ring 41, to achieve a fittingbetween both pieces; a ring-shaped piece 45 is added to the center ofthe right hatch 44, it is located a ring-shaped piece 45, with aninternal mechanism that prevents air from coming inside the cylindricalbody 1; finally, the axle of an actuator piston 46 is introduced in thecenter of the ring-shaped piece 45 to and thrust the interconnectionvalve 10 inside of the calibrated cylinder. The cylindrical body 1 hason its top (see FIG. 4) an extraction tower 37 of air and volatileparticles, which are conducted through a pipe 38 that conveys themtoward a multiple valve 55. Finally, calibrated cylinder 53 has aninferior perforation 48 in order to couple a vertical pipe 47 to connectthe intake chamber 11 to the dehydration reactor 2.

The dehydration reactor 2 that eliminates any trace of moisture that theorganic or inorganic waste includes at the moment of entering thesystem, is built similarly to the intake chamber 11, but differs in thatthe dehydration reactor 2 contains an upper rectangular aperture of onethird the diameter of cylinder 1, that traverses its own longitude, toobtain a connection with an expansion chamber 12, consisting of a pairof longitudinal metallic 13 rectangular walls, that are verticallywelded, but with an inclination of 15° in the outward directioncommencing at the edge of the longitudinal aperture, with a conicalappearance; of a pair of truncated semi conical transversal metallicwalls 14, arranged in a 90° vertical position with respect to cylinder1, and it is used to cover the apertures at the ends of the mentionedchamber; and a half-pipe shaped piece 34 serves as a upper lid to theexpansion chamber 12, this expansion chamber 12 allows elevation ofwater vapors generated by the organic and inorganic solid waste; thus inthis case the extraction tower 56 is above the expansion chamber 12.Another variant of this dehydration reactor is that it is placed insidea heat “casing” 59, but not entirely, to provide a temperature of 180°inside the dehydration chamber 2, by means of heat generated by a firstgas burner 70, and gases obtained are expelled to the environment bymeans of a escape duct 57 vertically positioned on the upper right endof the heat “casing” 59, it is worth mentioning that it has an externalinsulator layer 61 that precludes heat diffusion and concentrates itinside said casing. In the same way as the intake chamber 11, thedehydration reactor 2 has an interconnection pipe 47 to connect it tothe first thermal dissociation reactor 3.

Thermal dissociation is initiated on the first dissociation reactor 3,forming a “crude” vapor (consisting of a vapor that has not yet reachedideal temperature of 420° therefore if this vapor would be extracted andcondensed it would form a low calorific power hydrocarbon). This firstreactor whose configuration is the same as that of the dehydratorreactor 2, differs only in that the expansion chamber 60 is on a smallerscale, given that the “crude” vapors that are going to be obtainedrequire less space since they are not that expansive. Another detailabout this first reactor 3 is that the heat “casing” 59 has aperforation 71 in the right bottom side to connect a gas burner 70 so itprovides a temperature of 280° to the interior of the first reactor 3.Besides heat being conducted toward dehydration chamber 2, this firstreactor is connected to the second thermal disassociation reactor bymeans of an interconnection pipe 47.

Regarding the second thermal disassociation reactor 4 where the finalthermal disassociation of the organic and inorganic solid waste takesplace. Such second reactor 4 has the same structure as that of the firstreactor 3, but with the exception that in this case, the cylindricalbody 1 has a bigger longitude at its left end (see FIG. 7), longitude ofexpansion chamber 18 does not vary, with the intention of leaving aspace where a cylindrical expansion tower 5 is placed vertically, whichcomprises of a cylindrical body 68 opened on its lower end to obtain aconnection to the cylindrical body 1 of the second thermaldisassociation reactor 4, while its upper end is closed; inside cylinder68 are situated from bottom to top: a pipe 79, wherein the “crude”vapors are conducted, a filter constituted of a mesh 94 that covers theperforation on cylinder 68, and some metallic rings 93 distributed overthe mesh 94, in such a way that they filter thermolytic vapors passingto the cylinder 68, thus preventing the incursion of carbonic particlesoriginated by the disassociation of solid waste; a pipe 81 where thethermolytic vapors enter, a thin plate 92 with a truncated conicalshape, placed in an inverted way, that is to say that, the smallperforation is facing up and the big perforation is facing down, to slowdown the thermolytic vapor ascend, with the help of a cone 91, suspendedby braces 67; suspended on the top part of expansion tower 5 lays asealed reservoir 89, wherein a pipe 83 is coupled to the reservoir'sinferior end, where the water vapor and volatile particles areconducted, is worth mentioning that inside of the sealed reservoir 89,there lays a thin plate 90 with a truncated conical shape inverselyoriented to slow down the ascend of vapors inside the sealed reservoir89, wherein a pipe 87 is placed in the upper end, for the extraction ofwater vapor, thermolytic vapor and air, to be cooled in the heatexchanger 160; (see FIG. 15). Above cylinder 89, there lays athermolytic vapor extraction pipe 85, that conducts the vapor to theheavy hydrocarbons separator 110, (see FIG. 10), is worth noting thatthe expansion tower 5, as well as cylinder 1 and expansion chamber 18are placed inside a heat “casing” 98, another aspect about this secondreactor 4, is that such heat “casing” 98 has a perforation 101 on itsleft bottom side that connects to the second gas burner 100, providing atemperature of 420° to the interior of the second reactor 4, and insidethe expansion chamber 5, and in the top part there lays an escape duct84 that allows flow of the combustion gases of the burner 100 into theatmosphere, there is an insulator layer 97 on the exterior of “casing”98 that permits the concentration of heat and avoids its loss. Insidesecond reactor 4 there is a mixing assembly 26, that in contrast withfirst reactor 3 this one only rotates in one way transporting materialtoward the left end of second reactor 4, and in its right end it coupleswith the mixing assembly 26 of the extraction chamber of the solidfraction of the thermal dissociation 6, that also couples with cylinder11 of the second reactor 4; it connects to the extraction chamber 6 bymeans of a conventional couple 66. The extraction chamber of the solidfraction of the thermal dissociation 6, removes these particles from theheat generated inside the second thermal dissociation reactor 4; thesolid fraction of the thermal dissociation is composed of carbon, ashes,metallic bits, sands, glass bits, among others, that is to say, allwaste that was not susceptible to the thermal dissociation; this chamberis similar in manufacture to the intake chamber 11, and also is heatfree, in the same manner it is provided with an interconnection pipe 47that connects it to the cooling and extraction chamber 7.

Cooling and extraction chamber 7, is where the solid fraction of thethermal dissociation is cooled in order to be extracted and manipulated,it resembles intake chamber 11, but it houses on its exterior a coolingdevice 99, that cools down the chamber's interior to a temperature ofless than 90° C., cylinder 1 (see FIG. 9) is provided in its left endwith a sealing system 74 equal to that of hopper 15, with the onlydifference that it is vertically oriented to allow a hermetic sealing,and the extraction of the solid fraction once it cools down, on top ofcylinder 1 there is an extraction tower 122 in which the air enteringchamber 7 is extracted, as a result of its aperture.

A heavy hydrocarbons separator 110 (see FIG. 10) and two heatexchangers, where 95 is the primary and 96 secondary; this heavyhydrocarbons separator 110 has a cylindrical shape. Here enter thethermolytic vapors that come from expansion tower 5 coupled to it bymeans of couple 86 and conducted to its interior by pipe 85; inside thisheavy hydrocarbons separator 110 lays a pipe with lateral perforations111 placed in the interior in a vertical way to allow the flow ofthermolytic vapors so they condensate inside of it, from the condensedvapor heavy hydrocarbons are formed (paraffin wax) that solidify at atemperature of 60° C., this separator is not provided with a coolingsystem, due to the fact that only the increment of volume inside thereservoir causes the condensation of thermolytic vapors that give originto the heavy hydrocarbons, these hydrocarbons are extracted later on bythe service lid 112, that is located in the bottom part of separator110, inside there is a conic trap 115 that is a thin plate welded topipe 111 to prevent its elevation, so they can be dragged by theextraction pipes 113 and 114, given that these perforated pipes 113 and114 extract lighten thermolytic vapor to be cooled by means of a heatexchanger 96 secondary or 95 primary, they decrease the thermolyticvapor temperature to 68° C. and conduct it toward light hydrocarbonsseparators 116 or 117, (see FIG. 11), these heat exchangers 95 primaryand 96 secondary are cylindrical shaped reservoir and in its interiorare found serpentine shaped pipes, thermolytic vapor circulates insidethem, inside the reservoirs circulates liquid refrigerant to dissipateheat from the serpentine, these heat exchangers come in pairs and havethe same function and are coupled to the same heavy hydrocarbonsseparator 110 with the intention that in a given state of the reaction,the production of thermolytic vapor is twice the volume than that of themajority of the thermal dissociation process and this accomplishes anoptimal thermolytic vapor extraction, thus an over pressure insideexpansion chamber 5 is avoided, on the other hand this exchangersarrangement serves as a method to provide maintenance when required byone of them, in such a way that the thermal dissociation process in notinterrupted, the thermolytic vapor cooled by heat exchangers, 95 primaryand 96 secondary, is conveyed to the light hydrocarbons separators 116primary and 117 secondary.

Two light hydrocarbon separators 116 primary and 117 secondary that havea cylindrical shape, vertically oriented, sealed on their ends andconstituted of the same components and having in its interior aperforated pipe 118, where the thermolytic vapor cooled down to 68° C.enters, here it is condensed because it its cold and once the volume isincreased inside de reservoir that contains them, that is separator 116primary and 117 secondary, it condenses and forms light hydrocarbons,these separators come in pairs to facilitate the extraction ofthermolytic vapor coming from expansion tower 5 as explained earlier,besides giving the opportunity to provide maintenance to one of themwithout stopping the thermal dissociation system. A trap placed insideseparators 116 primary and 117 secondary prevents condensable vapors tobe extracted, the most volatile vapor is extracted by a perforated pipe120 that transports the most volatile vapor to the vacuum pumps 127primary and 128 secondary that will be explained later, there is ahatchway on the bottom of the cylinder to extract the lighthydrocarbons.

A multiple valve 55 that has a cylindrical shape, it is comprised of asolid cylindrical body, that houses in its interior a network of ducts,so that the connection accessories, temperature readers and actuatorscan be distributed; has couples on one of its ends that couple to theextraction tower 37 of the organic and inorganic solid waste intakechamber 1, by means of couple 39, it also connects extraction tower 63of the third reactor 3 by a couple 65, also it connects on this end tothe extraction tower 122 of the cooling chamber 7, by means of a couple123 on the other end are placed the connections to expansion tower 5that couples to it by means of couple 78 that is placed on the bottompart of expansion tower 5, also there is a couple 80 placed on themiddle part of the expansion tower 5, and one more connects at this endto the water vapor and volatile particles heating cylinder 89. On to topof the multiple valve 55 we can find three oxygen sensors 124 thatdetermine the amount of “free” oxygen (oxygen that is not part of amolecular chain) of the vapor that arrives to this multiple valve 55 andin this way it determines if this vapor is sent, with the help of valves125, to the water vapor and volatile particles heating cylinder 89, andthus avoiding thermolytic heat oxidation within the expansion tower, themultiple valve is also provided of temperature readers 126 that helpmeasuring vapor temperature and thus determining if they are “crude”vapors or thermolytic vapor, in case of it being “crude” vapor, with thehelp of the actuators valves 125, it will redirect them to the lowerpart 78 of expansion tower 5, in case that the vapors have a temperatureof 420° C. it will be considered a thermolytic vapor and will onlyrequire a slight residency inside the expansion tower 5 and thus withthe help of actuator valves 125 will be directed toward the middle partby means of couple 80, to the expansion tower 5.

Two vacuums pumps 127 primary and 128 secondary; will provide the vacuumpressure of −0.56 Kg/cm² required in the interior of the system andbesides that they also suction vapors from the inside of the extractiontowers and expansion tower 5 with the help of the multiple valve 55completing primary and secondary extraction systems respectively. Acapturing reservoir of chlorine gas particles 129 that has a cylindricalshape an that contains a saline solution 130 H₂O+(NaCl) to capturechlorine particles that can be dragged by volatile vapor formed by amixture of combustible gases, we call this mixture “synthetic” gas. Onthe bottom part of the reservoir 129 is where the synthetic gas entersto be mixed momentarily with the solution 130, in this way trapping thechlorine particles in the solution, the “synthetic” gas is extractedfrom reservoir 129 by means of a pipe 131, that conveys it to anotherreservoir 171 that connects to it by means of couple 132, and it isplaced on top if this reservoir.

There is a third heat exchanger 138, a liquids separator 139, with acylindrical shape and comprised of the same components as the lighthydrocarbon separators 116 and 117, and a vacuum pump 140, this heatexchanger 138 is coupled to the air and volatile particles heatercylinder 89 that is placed inside expansion tower 5, connects to it bymeans of couple 88 to extract hot vapors coming from the air andvolatile particles heater cylinder 89, to be cooled down by heatexchanger 138 to a temperature of 68° C. and once they cool down theycondensate to form a mixture of water with light hydrocarbons that lateron is treated to separate light hydrocarbons from water and added to thelight oil recovered by separators 116 primary and 117 secondary.

A confiner reservoir of sulfur particles 141, that has a cylindricalshape and contains a solution 142 composed of calcium hydroxide Ca(HO)₂and water, to trap any trace of sulfur molecules, the “synthetic” gasenters the cylinder on its bottom side, where the solution is restingand as the gas passes through the solution they mix momentarily trappingthe sulfur particles that the “synthetic” gas contains, the clean gas isextracted later on from this reservoir by means of a pipe 143 that iscoupled to a reservoir 145 that traps in any humidity that the“synthetic” gas might have, next it is stored in collector tank 146 andthus this “synthetic” gas can be used as fuel for heaters 100 and 70 ofthe forth 4 and third 3 reactors respectively.

Method to Obtain Hydrocarbons from Organic and Inorganic Solid Waste,Introduced in the Thermal Dissociation System, Consisting of:

Preparation of raw material, given the diversity of the waste, it isrecommended a pre-selection, given that ferrous, glass and sand wasteare not susceptible to thermal dissociation, and in case they access thesystem they would occupy a valuable space, but they do not affect thefunctionality, and given that there is waste with ferrous and glassmixtures, they will not be excluded because they can be processed toobtain a hydrocarbon from the fraction that is susceptible to thethermal dissociation, remaining, without any alteration the materialthat are not susceptible to the thermal dissociation, not being theselection indispensable, to obtain hydrocarbons from organic andinorganic solid waste, once the waste bits have been selected, thosebeing of a bigger size than that of the superior aperture 16 of hopper15 must be crushed by means of a conventional crusher, to allow itsaccess, besides all waste that can be reduced in volume, this with theintention of increasing the system's capacity, it is worth mentioningthat crushing is not indispensable for the system; waste is transportedto the intake hopper 15 by means of a conventional dispenser, organicand inorganic solid waste enters through the hopper's 15 superioraperture 16, this is accomplished by means of the extraction mechanism76, that retracts lid 20 where the actuator piston 22 retracts thering's 19 lid 20 and by means of a second piston 23, slides the lidleaving the hopper's apertures free, waste gets inside intake chamber 11which is at ambient temperature with the intention of impeding a thermalshock that could form toxic compounds like dioxins, that is coupled onthe top to hopper 15, that was previously sealed on its opposite side byinterconnection valve 10, at the same moment as the waste enters, themotor 35 starts working to rotate the mixing assembly 26, with theintention of transporting and accommodating the waste inside the intakechamber 11, once they fill all the space inside such chamber, proceedsthe sealing of the hopper 15 with the retraction mechanism 76 that isactivated inversely, the piston 23 pushes the lid 20 over the ring 19and the piston 22 pushes toward the ring 19 allowing a hermetic seal ofthe system, avoiding any intrusion of air inside the intake chamber 11,once the chamber is sealed the mixing assembly continues to rotatealternating its direction every 60 revolutions, meanwhile by means ofthe extraction tower 37, air and volatile particles that accompany thewaste, they are suctioned by the action of the vacuum pump 140 thatgenerates a vacuum inside the intake chamber of −0.56 Kg/cm², thissuction is carried out from the multiple valve 55, that later on arepassed to the heating cylinder 89 that is located inside the expansiontower 5, that has a temperature of 420°, given that heating the air andvolatile particles in a sudden manner dissociates the molecular bonds toform a thermolytic vapor, that also may contain pathogen agents likeviruses and so forth, that would be killed when exposed to thistemperature and would also form a thermolytic vapor, from here they aredirected toward the heat exchanger 138 that cools down the air andthermolytic vapor to a temperature of 68° C., later on it is directed toa liquids separator 139 where once it cools down condensates leaving aliquid hydrocarbon sediment mixed with small water particles, the mostvolatile fraction is suctioned from the separator by means of a vacuumpump 140, that directs it to a gas purifier 129, here it mixes with thesolution 130 that captures any trace of chlorine particles and later onit is directed to a gas purifying reservoir 141 where the gas mixes withthe solution 142 to capture any trace of sulfur, then it is directed tothe moisture filter 145, leaving a clean gas that can be stored in anaccumulation reservoir 146 to be used later on as combustible forburners 70 and 100. Besides, the mixing assembly 26 helps to get rid ofair and volatile particles from the waste that is going to be processedgiven that it is in constant movement, the mixing assembly 26 plates 9break any air bubbles encapsulated inside the organic and inorganicwaste, thus avoiding oxidation of the waste inside the system. Theresidency time of the organic and inorganic solid waste inside thechamber 11 to get rid of any trace of air and volatile particles isdetermined by the time it takes to reach −0.56 Kg/cm² inside the chamberand an additional 50% of residency time is added, for example if it took10 minutes then 5 minutes are added, during all this time the vacuumpump 140 is suctioning and the mixing assembly 26 alternating rotation.Finishing the residency time, suctioning is stopped inside the intakechamber 11 and the mixing assembly 26 rotates on a displacement way toconvey the waste to the interconnection valve 10, that is coupled to thering 41, and by means of actuator piston 46 retracts the valve allowingit to be slide through the calibrated cylinder 53, in this way the wasteleaves the intake chamber 11, thanks to the bottom perforation 48 of thecalibrated cylinder 53 in which an interconnection vertical pipe 47 iscoupled, and in its opposite side directs the waste to the dehydrationchamber 2, once chamber 11 is discharged the interconnection valve 10 isreturned to its hermetic sealed position, and once again filling of theintake waste chamber 11 takes place, this is a semi-continuous process.

Dehydration of organic and inorganic solid waste takes place by means ofa waste dehydration chamber 2, waste directed from the intake chamber 11propelled by the mixing assembly 26 fall out inside the dehydrationchamber 2, the chamber has been preheated to 180° C. at the moment thatthe solid waste enters, it is worth mentioning that this temperature isreached due to a gas burner 70 that heats the exterior of the cylinder 1and in this way it protects the waste from the direct flame avoiding itscombustion, heat is conducted by a heat “casing” 59, besides thischamber is under a vacuum of −0.56 Kg/cm², with the intention of gettingrid of any moisture trace that may accompany the waste, in the interiorwe find the mixing assembly 26 alternating rotation, in the same way asthe intake chamber 11, with the only difference that this assembly helpsto diffuse heat among all waste, thus reducing residency time insidethis chamber, also the water vapor generated elevates from the cylinder1 to the expansion chamber 12, allowing an easier separation and a quickliberation of moisture that they may carry. In this way waste enteringthis chamber 2 absorbs heat contained within, lowering the internaltemperature and preventing a thermal shock, it also allows a gradualtemperature increment preventing an over production of water vapor thatwould cause an unwanted over pressure inside of the thermaldissociation, during all this time vapors are being suctioned with thehelp of the vacuum pump 140, and by means of extraction tower 56 aredirected to the multiple valve 55, and later on to the cylinder 89 aswell as the air and volatile particles of intake chamber 11, itssubsequent process is the same as the one described before; residingtime inside the dehydration chamber 2 depends on the heat absorptiontime, that is to say that, once the waste enters, the temperature withinthe chamber decreases, then the time it takes to reach a temperature of180° C. once again is measured and then a 50% more is added, forexample: if it takes 6 minutes to absorb the heat then 3 more minutesare added, this is the ideal residency time that varies depending on thekind of waste being processed, during all this time the mixer assembly26 keeps alternating rotation, once the residency time ends it isdirected to the interconnection valve 10 of the dehydration chamber 2,it retracts and allows the discharge of the waste to the first thermaldissociation chamber 3, later on once such chamber is discharged, thevalve returns to its sealed position, in such a way that once again thewaste coming from intake chamber 11 is introduced on its top side so itcan be dehydrated.

Thermal dissociation of organic and inorganic solid waste takes placeinside first thermal dissociation chamber 3, wherein formation of avapor takes place from which hydrocarbons are recovered from organic andinorganic solid waste, in a such a way that the waste enters through theinterconnection pipe 47 to the interior of the first thermaldissociation reactor 3, previously pre-heated to a temperature of 280°,in the same way as in the dehydration chamber 2 once the waste enters,the temperature inside drops because it absorb heat, and the residencytime is determined in the same way as in the previous chamber, also themixing assembly keeps alternating its rotating orientation, with thedistinctiveness that in this first reactor 3, heating the waste mixtureoriginates its thermal dissociation, in such a way that a “crude” vaporis formed consisting of molecular chains that once condensed form a lowcalorific power hydrocarbon, this vapor is separated from the wastemixture inside the first reactor 3, ascending inside an equal atmospherein the expansion chamber 60, in order that the dissociation takes placein a faster rate, and with less fuel consumption, this vapor isextracted by the extraction tower 63 and directed to the multiple valve55 where the temperature and “free” oxygen level are measured, “crude”vapor is determined by means of the oxygen sensors 124, and thetemperature by means of thermometers 126, in case that this vaporcarries some trace of “free” oxygen it is directed to the lower part ofthe expansion tower 5 by means of pipe 79, so this “crude” vapor can beheated to create a thermolytic vapor, this vapor carries a temperatureof 420° C. and from it high calorific power hydrocarbons can form, oncethe residency time inside the thermal dissociation reactor 3 is over, a“viscous mass” is formed from the organic and inorganic solid wastesubjected to the thermolytic dissociation, inside the reactor this wastemelts, creating a homogeneous mixture, constituting a “viscous mass”from which not all the hydrocarbons have been extracted yet, this massis directed to the end of first reactor 3 where the interconnectionvalve 10 is located, which in turn retracts allowing the flow toward thesecond thermal dissociation reactor 4, once the first reactor 3 isdischarged an hermetic sealing forms by means of the valve 10, thusallowing the access of waste coming from the dehydration chamber 2 andcontinue with the process.

Thermal dissociation takes place in two reactors, in such a way that inthe first reactor temperature is gradually risen to 280° C., commencingfrom this temperature the majority of the “crude” vapor generation takesplace, consequently the waste is directed to a second thermaldissociation reactor 4, that has been pre-heated to a temperature of420° C. This is the ideal temperature to form high calorific powerhydrocarbons, in this second reactor all the material susceptible to thethermal dissociation is transformed into thermolytic vapor, that ascendsto the expansion chamber 18 with the help of mixing assembly 26 from thesecond reactor 4, with the distinctiveness that this assembly rotatesonly in one direction transporting the processing material to the endwhere expansion tower 5 is located, this mixer assembly helps toseparate vapors generated by the thermal disassociation given that theplates blend the mixture in such a way that it helps releasing thethermal vapor from the solid fraction of the thermal dissociation,composed of: carbon, ashes, metallic bits, glass and sand; the vaporgenerated on this second reactor 4 is extracted through the extractiontower 73 and conducted toward the multiple valve 55 that determines thevapor's temperature and directs it toward the expansion tower 5 that iscoupled on the end of the second reactor 4, here the “crude” andthermolytic vapors stay the necessary time to homogenize so an idealthermolytic vapor can be obtained from which high calorific hydrocarbonscan be formed. The thermolytic vapor extracted from the expansion tower5 is directed toward a heavy liquid hydrocarbons separator 110 where theheavy molecular chains are separated from the lighter and volatile onesto form a heavy liquid hydrocarbon (paraffin wax), this takes place dueto the expansion of a vapor on a hermetic container, and the lightervapor is extracted from such separator to be cooled down by the heatexchangers 95 and 96 (from this point on the vapor extraction line ofthe system is provided with twice the devices forming a doubleextraction line composed of heat exchangers, light hydrocarbonsseparators and vacuum pumps, these lines are finished at the gaspurifier 129, this with the intention of coping with any over-productionof thermolytic vapor inside the system, also permitting maintenancewithout bringing the process to a halt), the heat exchangers 95 and 96cool the vapor down to 68° C., this is the temperature where the vaporscondensate and are trapped in the light hydrocarbons separators 116 and117, where the lighter chains are separated from the volatiles ones toform a light liquid hydrocarbon, the more volatile (“synthetic” gas) isextracted from these separators by means of the vacuum pumps 127 and128, they extract the generated vapors and direct them toward apurifying reservoir 129, where they mix with a solution 130 and after amomentary combination, the chlorine particles that might have beencarried by the “synthetic” gas are trapped, then this gas is directed toa purifying reservoir 141 that contains a solution 142 and in the sameway as before the sulfur particles that might have been carried by the“synthetic” gas are trapped, this gas is directed toward a moisturefilter 145 where this gas is dried out so it can be stored on anaccumulation reservoir 146, to be used later on as fuel for the burners100 and 70, achieving a cost-effective system process, besides beingenvironmentally safe, given that the emissions of the combustion of this“synthetic” gas are not harmful to the atmosphere. In this way thesystem operates in a very safe and efficient way, in a closed circuit,preventing the contact of the thermolytic gas with the environment. Theresidency time of the matter inside of the second thermal disassociationreactor 4 is calculated by the time it takes to the processing materialto absorb the heat, given that once the material coming from the firstthermal dissociation reactor 3 enters the second reactor 4 thetemperature drops and it takes some time to reach a temperature of 420°C. again, to this time a 75% is added, for example if it takes 10minutes then 7.5 minutes of residency are added.

Residues of the solid fraction of the thermal dissociation composed ofcarbon, ashes, metal bits, glass and sand that were not subjected to thethermal dissociation, are taken away from the heat of the second thermaldissociation reactor 4 with the help of the mixing assembly 26 shared bythe extraction chamber 6 and the second reactor 4, this extractionchamber 6 takes away the solid fraction from the heat of the secondreactor, achieving this with the help of the mixing assembly 26 thatrotates inversely transporting the waste toward the interconnectionvalve 10 of the extraction chamber 6, the valve retracts and allows theflow toward the cooling chamber 7 of the solid fraction of the thermaldissociation, where the fraction cools down to a temperature of 90° C.so it can be handled, with the help of a cooling system 113 thatcirculates a liquid refrigerant that dissipates out the heat inside thechamber, that is hermetically sealed on one end by the interconnectionvalve 10 of the extraction chamber 6, and on the opposite end by thesealing mechanism 74. It is worth mentioning that on this end the solidfraction of the waste is extracted to separate the metals, glass bitsand sands and to only leave a mixture of carbon and ashes that is storedon the conventional sacks, to be distributed and traded later on; it isworth mentioning that during the extraction of the solid fraction fromthis chamber, air enters inside the cooling chamber 7, once it is sealedby the sealing mechanism 74 air is extracted by means of the extractiontower 145, that directs it toward the multiple valve 55 redirecting themtoward the cylinder 89, that heats this air and once it is extracted itcools down to a temperature of 68° C. on the heat exchanger 138, then itis directed to the separator 139 where any trace of moisture iscondensed and later on the more volatile gas is extracted by means ofvacuum pump 140, then to a drying filter 146, and finally to anaccumulator reservoir 146. This air is mixed with the “synthetic” gasachieving an excellent combustion.

1. A system to obtain hydrocarbons from organic and inorganic solidwaste, characterized because it consists of: i) A hopper that allows theaccess of the organic and inorganic solid waste, that consists of aninverted cylindrical conic body, wherein a ring is fixed on its top parthaving on its edge a perimetral cut-in of 10°, so a solid cylindricallid can hermetically rest; this lid as well contains a perimetral cut-inof 10° on its inferior end, so when it couples with the perimetralcut-in of the ring, a perfect hermetic seal can be achieved. This lid atthe same time is provided with a hermetic sealing and sliding mechanism,to allow the access of the waste; such sealing mechanism consists of ahandle that has on its top end a first piston on a vertical position toremove, settle and provide this lid with pressure. A horizontal rail iswelded and extended diametrically from the opposite ends on top of thehopper's aperture, to allow sliding of the handle when the hopper isopened or closed. On the opposite side of the rails a second piston isplaces horizontally, to slide the handle over such rails. On top of thislid a rectangular plate is vertically placed, provided with anelliptical perforation to prevent the axle of the second piston frombending when the lid seats on the hopper. The hopper connects, by meansof its inferior end, an organic and inorganic solid waste intakechamber, with the help of a conventional couple; ii) The organic andinorganic solid waste cylindrical intake chamber consists of: a hollowmetallic cylinder, in a horizontal position, resistant to a vacuumpressure of −0.56 Kg/cm², whose interior contains a waste mixingassembly, on a horizontal position, that consists of square shaft thathas on all of its longitude on each of its sides, rectangular platesarranged perpendicularly, in a diagonal form. The mixing assembly, isfixed to the cylinder, by mean of the ends of the square shaft, forwhich, both ends of the square shaft, are joined to some discs in avertical position, the discs have on their center a square connectorhaving on their center a square cavity with large enough dimensions tofit tightly one of the ends of the square shaft. One of the connectordiscs connects, on the opposite side where the square cavity is, asecond disc with the same dimensions as the first disc; wherein thesecond circular piece has on the face opposite to the face that connectsthe first disc, a central round shaft, in a horizontal position to enterinto a conical axle box, wherein said axle box attaches to the hatch ofthe waste intake chamber. The central round shaft has an internal ductin a “U” shape, horizontally placed, so that refrigeration liquid canflow and said axle will not dilate by the increment of temperature. Saidcentral round shaft is embraced by a cooling device; followed by abearing to fix the round shaft; and a notched wheel to allow said squareshaft to rotate through a chain coupled to a motor. The connecting discon the other end of the square shaft join a circular piece on its faceopposite to its square cavity; wherein said circular piece has on itscenter a horizontal round axle that enters an axle box to allow rotationand support the central round shaft, as this shaft is suspended andfixed by means of some metallic braces, which are metallic projectionsextending from the internal wall of cylinder toward the axle box, on theopposite end of said axle box there is an axial block that functions asa lid preventing dust and residue from entering the axle box and fixesthe central round shaft. The open ends of the cylinder are sealed by ahatch, wherein the left hatch is fixed to the chamber by a conventionalcoupling in front of the cooling device. On the end where the righthatch is placed, a ring is welded on the edge of the cylinderbeforehand, which, on its internal edge a 10° perimetral cut-in, onwhich is fixed, on the top edge of said cut-in, a calibrated pipe in theinterior of which a solid cylindrical interconnection valve slides,which valve has at the same time a 10° cut-in on its left side so thatwhen it couples with the ring's cut-in there is a hermetic seal, in themiddle of valve there is a perimetral circular canal that houses ateflon ring to increase tightness of the hermetic seal on the calibratedcylinder; right hatch is fixed to the right end of the calibratedcylinder, whose outer diameter is greater than the cylindrical body,matching that of the second ring, to achieve a fitting between bothpieces; a ring-shaped piece is added to the center of the right hatch,with an internal mechanism that prevents air from coming inside thecylindrical body; the axle of an actuator piston is introduced in thecenter of the ring-shaped piece to impulse and retract theinterconnection valve inside of the calibrated cylinder. The cylindricalbody of this chamber has on its top an air and volatile particlesextraction tower, which are conducted throughout a pipe that directsthem toward a multiple valve. Finally, the calibrated cylinder has aninferior perforation in order to couple a vertical tube to connect theintake chamber to a dehydration reactor. iii) The dehydration reactor,that eliminates any trace of moisture that the organic or inorganicwaste includes at the moment of entering the system, is similar to themanufacture of the intake chamber, but differs in that the dehydrationreactor contains an upper rectangular aperture of one third the diameterof such cylinder, that traverses its own longitude, to obtain aconnection with an expansion chamber, consisting of a pair oflongitudinal metallic rectangular walls, that are vertically welded, butwith an inclination of 15° in the outward direction commencing at theedge of the longitudinal aperture, resembling a conical appearance; of apair of truncated semi conical transversal metallic walls, arranged in a90° vertical position with respect to the cylinder, and it is used tocover the apertures at the ends of the mentioned chamber; and ahalf-tube shaped piece serves as a upper lid to the expansion chamber,this expansion chamber serves to allow the elevation of water vaporsgenerated by the organic and inorganic solid waste; thus in this casethe extraction tower is located above the expansion chamber. Anothercharacteristic of this dehydration reactor is that it is placed inside aheat “casing”, but not entirely, to provide a temperature of 180° insidethe dehydration chamber, by means of heat generated by a first gasburner; a duct is vertically located on the top end of the heat“casing”, and this duct is required to expel the gases obtained. Thecasing is provided with an external insulator layer that impedes heatdiffusion and concentrates it inside such casing. In the same way as theintake chamber, the dehydration reactor is provided with aninterconnection pipe to join it to a first thermal dissociation reactor.iv) A vapor that has not yet reached the ideal temperature of 420° C. isformed on the first thermal dissociation chamber, this first reactorwhose configuration is the same as that of the dehydration reactor, butdiffers in that the expansion chamber is on a smaller scale, given thatthe “crude” vapors that are going to be obtained require less spacesince they are not that expansive. Another detail about this firstreactor is that the heat “casing” has a perforation in the rightinferior side, to connect a gas burner that provides a temperature of280° to the interior of the first reactor. This first reactor isconnected to the second thermal disassociation reactor by means of aninterconnection pipe; v) The final phase of the thermal disassociationof the organic and inorganic solid waste takes place on the secondthermal dissociation reactor. Such second reactor has the same structureas that of the first reactor, with the exception that in this case, itscylindrical body has a bigger longitude at its left end, longitude ofexpansion chamber does not differs, with the intention of leaving aspace where a cylindrical expansion tower is placed, consisting of ancylindrical body, placed vertically, opened on its lower end to obtain aconnection to the cylindrical body of the second thermal disassociationreactor, and in the other hand its upper end is closed; inside theexpansion tower are located from bottom to top: a pipe, wherein the“crude” vapors are conducted, a filter constituted of a mesh that coversthe perforation of the cylinder, and some metallic rings distributedover the mesh, in conjunction they filter thermolytic vapors enteringthe tower; a pipe where the thermolytic vapors enter, a thin plate witha truncated conical shape, placed in an inverted way, to slow down thethermolytic vapor's ascend, with the help of a cone suspended by somebraces on top of expansion tower; a sealed tank, wherein a pipe iscoupled to the inferior end, where the water vapor and volatileparticles are conducted, and a thin conical shaped plate, inverselyoriented to slow down the ascend of vapors inside the sealed reservoir,wherein a pipe is placed in the upper end, to extract water vapor,thermolytic vapor and air, to be cooled in the first heat exchanger.Above the sealed cylinder, there is a thermolytic vapor extraction pipethat conducts the vapor to a heavy hydrocarbons separator. The expansiontower, sealed cylinder and expansion chamber, are placed inside a heat“casing”. Another aspect about this second reactor, is that such heat“casing” has a perforation on its left bottom side that connects asecond gas burner, so it can provide a temperature of 420° C. to theinterior of the second reactor and inside the expansion chamber, and inthe top part is placed an escape duct that permits flow of thecombustion gases of the burner into the atmosphere, there is aninsulation layer on the exterior of the “casing” that permits theconcentration of heat and avoids its loss. The mixing assembly of thesecond reactor rotates in one way transporting material toward the leftend of the second reactor, and in its right end it couples with themixing assembly of the extraction chamber of the solid fraction of thethermal dissociation, that also couples with the cylinder of the secondreactor and the extraction chamber by means of a conventional couple;vi) The extraction chamber of the solid fraction of the thermaldissociation, removes these particles from the heat generated inside thesecond thermal dissociation reactor; this chamber is similar to themanufacture of the intake chamber, and also is heat free, in the samemanner it is provided with an interconnection pipe that connects it tothe cooling and extraction chamber; vii) Cooling and extraction chamber,is where the solid fraction of the thermal dissociation is cooled inorder to be extracted and manipulated, it resembles the intake chamber,with the detail that it houses on its exterior a cooling device, thatcools down the chamber's interior to a temperature of less than 90° C.,the cylinder is provided in its left end with a sealing system equal tothat of the hopper, with the only difference that it is verticallyoriented, to allow the hermetic sealing and the extraction of the solidfraction once it cools down, on top of the cylinder there is anextraction tower in which the air entering the chamber is extracted as aresult of its aperture; viii) A cooling and condensing systemconstituted of a heavy hydrocarbons separator and a primary andsecondary heat exchangers. This heavy hydrocarbons separator has acylindrical shape and it is here where the thermolytic vapors comingfrom the expansion tower enter, which is coupled to it by means of acouple, the vapors are conducted to the interior of such separator bymeans of a pipe, inside the heavy hydrocarbons separator there is a pipewith lateral perforations placed in the interior in a vertical way tocondensate the thermolytic vapor and obtain heavy hydrocarbons, thesehydrocarbons are extracted later on by a service lid that is located inthe bottom part of the separator. Inside there is a conic trap, it is athin plate welded to the intake pipe to prevent its elevation, so theycan be dragged by the perforated extraction pipes that extract lighterthermolytic vapor and cooled by means of a first or second heatexchanger. The heat exchangers decrease the thermolytic vaportemperature to 68° C. and direct it toward the light hydrocarbonsseparators, these heat exchangers are cylindrical shaped tanks and inits interior are found serpentine shaped pipes wherein the thermolyticvapor circulates. Mentioned serpentines are inside containers where aliquid refrigerant circulates to dissipate heat from the serpentine,these heat exchangers came in pairs and are coupled to the same heavyhydrocarbons separator with the reason that in a given state of thereaction, the production of thermolytic vapor is twice the volume thanthat of the majority of the thermal dissociation process and thisaccomplishes an optimal thermolytic vapor extraction, thus an overpressure inside of the expansion chamber is avoided. ix) Two lighthydrocarbon separators of the same constitution, which have acylindrical shape vertically oriented sealed on their ends, whoseinterior houses vertically a perforated pipe with a reduced diameterwherein the thermolytic vapor with a temperature of 68° C. enters and isexpelled from the reduced pipe toward a bigger internal space of thesealed cylinder, achieving in this way a faster condensation due to thepressure difference between the reduced pipe and the sealed cylinder.These separators came in pairs to facilitate the extraction ofthermolytic vapor coming from expansion tower. A trap is placed insidethe light separators to prevent the extraction of condensable vapors. Ontop of the sealed cylinder there is a perforated pipe that extracts themost volatile vapor and transports it to some vacuum pumps; finally,there is a hatchway on the bottom of the cylinder to extract the lighthydrocarbons; x) The multiple valve consists of a solid cylindricalbody, that houses in its interior a network of ducts, so the connectionaccessories, temperature readers and actuators can be distributed; fromthis solid body emerges at least seven ducts that can be used asincoming or outgoing ways, and in each of the duct ends there is acouple to connect to the ducts coming from extraction towers andexpansion tower. On top of the multiple valves we can find three oxygensensors that detect the presence of such gas on the vapor that arrivesto this multiple valve, to be sent, with the help of the actuatorvalves, toward the vapor and volatile particles heating cylinder. Themultiple valve is also provided with temperature readers that helpmeasuring vapor temperature and thus determining what kind of vaporsthey are, in case of it being “crude” vapor, with the help of theactuators valves it is redirected to the lower part of the expansiontower, in case that the vapors are thermolytic they are redirected withthe help of the actuator valves to the middle part of the expansiontower; xi) Two vacuums pumps, to provide a vacuum pressure of −0.56Kg/cm² required in the interior of the system; besides they suctionvapors from the hydrocarbon obtaining system and send the gases to thepurifying reservoirs; xii) A cylindrical reservoir to capture thechlorine particles, that has multiple entrances on its bottom, so theproduced gases can enter and mix momentarily with a solution of waterand sodium chloride, found inside of this reservoir, also a pipe toextract and direct the clean gas to a second reservoir is provided;xiii) A third heat exchanger, of similar constitution as that of thefirst and second heat exchangers; xiv) A vertical cylindrical separatorof liquids, consisting of the same components as those of the lighthydrocarbons separators; xv) A third vacuum pump: xvi) A reservoir tocapture sulfur particles, with entrances on its bottom part to allow theaccess of generated gases so they can mix temporarily with a solution ifcalcium hydroxide an water, contained in the reservoir; also provides apipe to extract and direct the clean gas toward a moisture filter; andfinally xvii) An accumulation reservoir is added to store the obtainedgas.
 2. A semi continuous method to obtain hydrocarbons from organic andinorganic solid waste, characterized by the following steps: i) Preparethe raw material, selecting waste that is susceptible to the thermaldissociation. ii) Fill in the organic and inorganic solid waste, bymeans of a conventional dispenser, entering throughout the superioraperture of the hopper, by means of the extraction mechanism that thelid has, leaving the aperture of the hopper free; iii) Sealing thesystem hermetically, by means of the hopper lid, with the help of anactuator piston; iv) Fill in the intake chamber, which is at ambienttemperature, with the intention of avoiding a thermal shock, which wouldoriginate the formation of harmful compounds. The waste is distributedinside the chamber by means of the mixing assembly; v) Extract the airand volatile particles, with the help of a vacuum pump and the mixingassembly that removes and breaks down any air bubble encapsulated, thisis carried out with the intention of achieving a vacuum pressure of−0.56 Kg/cm²; vi) Direct the waste toward the dehydration chamber withthe help of the mixing assembly that propels it to the end, where aninterconnection valve is located that allows the flow of the waste andalso a hermetic sealing between both chambers, by means of a verticalinterconnection pipe, they enter a dehydration chamber; vii) Dehydratethe waste, inside the dehydration chamber, that is pre-heated to atemperature of 180° C., and with a constant vacuum pressure of −0.56Kg/cm² and with the help of the mixing assembly removes and releases themoisture out of waste allowing the separation of the moisture from thedehydrated waste, such waste remaining on the bottom of the chamber, themoisture elevates to the dehydration expansion chamber, later onextracted by means of the vacuum pump; viii) Transport the dehydratedwaste, toward the first thermal dissociation reactor, this with the helpof the mixing assembly that propels the dehydrated waste, toward theinterconnection valve which allows the flow of the waste between thedehydration chamber and the first thermal dissociation reactor, alsoachieving a hermetic seal between them. By means of a verticalinterconnection pipe, the dehydrated waste enters the first thermaldissociation of the organic and inorganic solid waste reactor; ix)Thermal dissociation of the organic and inorganic solid waste, thisstage is divided in two reactors in such a way that the first reactor ispre-heated to a temperature of 280° C., and with a vacuum pressure of−0.56 Kg/cm², forming in this way a “crude” vapor, that is extracted bymeans of a vacuum pump, that directs them toward a multiple valve, thatdetermines the kind of vapor at hand and directs it to the expansiontower that heats them up and houses them, so they can form a thermolyticvapor; x) Transport the solid waste from the first stage of the thermaldissociation, toward a second thermal dissociation waste reactor, bymeans of a mixing assembly of the first reactor, that propels the wastetoward the interconnection valve that allows the flow of the wastebetween the first thermal dissociation reactor and the second thermaldissociation reactor and also provides hermetic sealing between them. Bymeans of a vertical interconnection pipe, the waste enters the secondthermal dissociation of the organic and inorganic solid waste reactor;xi) Pre-heat the second thermal dissociation waste reactor to atemperature of 420° C., and a vacuum pressure of −0.56 Kg/cm², toseparate the thermolytic vapor from the thermal dissociation of thesolid fraction, leaving this fraction deposited inside the secondreactor and free of any thermolytic vapor, this vapor elevates insidethe chamber of the second reactor, getting apart from the solidfraction, this vapors is extracted by means of suction of a vacuum pumpthat directs it to the multiple valve that determines and directs thevapor toward the expansion tower, where the vapor stays to from an idealthermolytic vapor; xii) Heat the vapors by means of the expansion towercoupled to the second reactor, such tower is heated to a constanttemperature of 420° C., and with a vacuum pressure of −0.56 Kg/cm².Vapor enter the expansion tower by means of a pipe or by the inferioraperture located on the second thermal dissociation reactor, in the caseof the vapors that enter by the inferior aperture they are filtered bymeans of a mesh and some rings that function as a trap for the solidparticles, and later on they find a thin plate with a truncated conicshape that in conjunction with a suspended cone are used to avoid theascension of the vapors; the “crude” vapor enter the bottom part of theexpansion tower by means of a pipe that allows them the access so theycan be heated and mixed to form a thermolytic vapor, also enteringinside this tower the thermolytic vapors originated by the reactors. Itis worth mentioning that in the interior of the expansion tower thevapors mix and homogenize forming a high calorific thermolytic vapor;xiii) Extract the thermolytic vapor from the expansion tower, by meansof a pipe located on top of the expansion tower to obtain from it, firsta heavy liquid hydrocarbon and then a light liquid hydrocarbon andfinally, a “synthetic” gas; xiv) Obtain the heavy liquid hydrocarbons,by means of a separator that separates the thermolytic vapor in a heavyliquid hydrocarbons separation reservoir, where the vapor enters andcondensates due to the expansion inside this reservoir, separating thelighter thermolytic vapor, that is extracted to be cooled down from thethermolytic vapor; xv) Cool down the thermolytic vapor, dividing thelight liquid hydrocarbons from the volatile hydrocarbon; xvi) Suctionthe vapors, by means of the vacuum pumps that suction the vapors,directs them from the chambers, reactors and expansion tower, toward theseparator and heat exchanger, to be redirect later on to a purifyingreservoir; xvii) Capture the chlorine of the “synthetic” gas, inside ofthe purifying “synthetic” gas reservoir wherein a solution of H2O+(NaCl)is found, that at the moment of mixing momentarily with the “synthetic”gas liberates the “synthetic” gas from any trace of chlorine particles;xviii) Capture the sulfur from the “synthetic” gas, inside the purifying“synthetic” gas reservoir wherein a solution of Ca (HO)2+H2O is found,that at the moment of mixing momentarily with the “synthetic” gasliberates the “synthetic” gas from any trace of sulfur particles; xix)Eliminate the moisture from the “synthetic” gas, by means of a filterthat captures any moisture carried by the gas; xx) Store the “synthetic”gas, inside an “synthetic” gas accumulation reservoir where is storedmomentarily to be used later on as combustible for the burners of thesystem; xxi) Transport the solid fraction of the thermal dissociation,composed of carbon, ashes, ferrous bits, glass, and sands, they areextracted from the second reactor toward the extraction chamber, bymeans of the mixing assembly, the extraction chamber is coupled to oneend of the second reactor, to release the solid fraction from the heat,that is propelled toward the interconnection valve which allows the flowof the waste between the second thermal dissociation reactor and theextraction chamber; xxii) Transport the solid fraction of the thermaldissociation, from the extraction chamber toward the cooling chamber,with the help of the mixing assembly of the extraction chamber thatpropels the solid fraction toward the interconnection valve that allowsthe flow of such fraction between the extraction chamber and the coolingchamber, also proving an hermetic seal between them, and by means of avertical interconnection pipe, enters inside this cooling chamber;xxiii) Cool down the solid fraction of the thermal dissociation, bymeans of a cooling chamber with a cooling system that dissipates theheat from inside and with the help of the mixing assembly, agitates andremoves helping a more efficient heat dissipation, until it cools downto a temperature of 90° C., this cooled fraction is handled without anyrisk of ignition; xxiv) Extract the solid fraction of the thermaldissociation, by means of the cooling chamber provided in its interiorwith a mixing assembly, that propels such fraction toward the end wherethe sealing mechanism is located, in a retracted state, and thuspropelling such fraction to the exterior of the cooling chamber; xxv)Separate the solid fraction of the thermal dissociation, composed of amixture of carbon, ashes, ferrous bits, glass. By means of a sieve itseparates the non-ferrous bits and with an electromagnet the ferrousones.
 3. The semi continuous method to obtain hydrocarbons from organicand inorganic solid waste, according to claim 2, characterized becausethe bigger size chunks are triturated at the top part of the hopper'saperture and the volume of the waste is reduced.